Novel Method for Measuring the Time of Death on Teeth - Based on Liquid Contents, Reflection Spectra and Colour

Knowing about the time of death is often the central key to solving criminal cases. The time of death is also relevant in cases of natural death - for the family register entry, for the insurance system or the succession... However, the forensic medical estimation of the time of death (postmortal interval) is still not without limitations - especially if it should be precise or if it cannot be done relatively immediately after onset of death. With the onset of death, various processes begin to set in place that change a corpse and its tissues over the time axis. If it were possible to find a process in a certain tissue that would behave precisely like one or, better, several clockworks, and if it were still possible to reset the time to the state before or at the time of death, if it would also be possible that these synchronous clocks run again, and if it were also possible to run the elapsed time after death in real time on the identical individual to be examined or the identical examination object under comparable conditions (simulation), the perfect and most precise method for determining the time of death would be born. The author of the present work has observed that teeth of dead appear much brighter, differently coloured and less translucent and more opaque than teeth of living people and that dental colour changes are based on reversible drying and liquid absorption processes and can be measured with high precision and very differentiated values - he revealed phenomena, paradoxes, dynamics and liquid flow and articulates the 'dental fingerprint' for identification, 'tooth clock', 'tooth memory' ... He measures the loss of liquid in ranges of up to one millionth of a gram, in the microgram range, as well as the colour and reflection spectra with high-precision measuring systems and he sees a fundamental possibility in the use of processes that he has measured and analyzed on drying and liquid-absorbing teeth and he is presenting a novel method for the first time. Furthermore, for the first time, he also presents a reference-independent approach (perhaps the first reference-independent analysis or measurement method in the natural sciences) based on drying up to the time of the first measurement, liquid storage and repeated drying - the actual simulation. For this reference-independent method approach, in contrast to his reference-dependent method, it does not necessarily need reference values, i.e. values that had to be obtained beforehand on other, comparable samples (see nomogram), but only values that were obtained previously on the identical object. For the first time, the 'scattering problem' was circumvented - the way to a high-precision method? The novel method of analyzing and measuring the time of death seems to have a number of advantages: objectifying measurement instead of subjective estimations of stages; several independent values, such as L *, a *, b *, C *, h, M, spectral values, instead of just one numerical value (temperature in degrees) in the case of the body cooling method, reversibility instead of irreversibility of the processes and thus, after sufficient liquid storage, repeatability of the post-mortem conditions and consequently the post-mortem interval up to the first measurement in the context of a simulation under comparable conditions on the identical object and thus avoidance of the 'scattering problem', avoidance of intra- and inter-individual differences on both sides of the autopsy table - for the estimating and for the estimated individual, time of death measurement on site or high-precision measurements with high-precision positioning systems instead of measurement with thermometers, in the author's vision, comfortable measurements of various samples independently of one another within an automatic analyzer simulating ambient conditions in the laboratory instead ... - A breakthrough?

André Hoffmann is an innovator, Researcher, developer and pioneer in the field of optical technologies (photonics). For the first time, André Hoffmann systematically investigated the origin of tooth colour (basic research) and isolated and quantified the essential influencing factors (light, light beam, measurement geometry, gloss effect, observation angle, measuring surface, liquid content [first scientific proof of the relationship between liquid content and colour], drying, subjective-objective, crown curvature, system type, contact/non-contact, positioning, reproducibility, etc.) - by means of high-precision measuring systems and high-precision positioning systems (own developments). All influencing factors were analysed on wet, drying, drier (various drying or rehydration conditions) and dry teeth. For the first time, he revealed phenomena, paradoxes, colour dynamics and liquid flow through the tooth by dehydration and rehydration, methods such as time of death measurement or monitoring against pulp devitalisation, innovations also in this field, the 'dental fingerprint' for identification, 'dental data storage', 'tooth memory' ...